POW story of "Angels of Bataan" army nurses is one of the greatest WWII stories never told.
Known as the “Angels of Bataan and Corregidor,” the group of army nurse continues to hold the distinction of not losing a single member during their three years in internment.
One
of World War II’s greatest untold stories began on April 8, 1942 when Lt. Gen.
Jonathan Wainwright, the commander of the U.S. Army in the Philippines, ordered
the evacuation of military and civilian nurses to the island of Corregidor. A
month later, Corregidor fell and 77 American nurses were captured by the
Japanese, becoming the largest group of female prisoners of war.
Known
as the “Angels of Bataan and Corregidor,” the group continues to hold the
distinction of not losing a single member during their three years in the Santo
Tomas Internment camp.
“It
is not that they were some of the first women POWs that made them special, but
that they were average American from average towns and they survived in a
horrific environment while never losing their commitment to serving their
patients,” says Bernice Fischer, granddaughter of U.S. Army nurse Mary Bernice
Brown-Menzie.
Fischer
tells Fox News her grandmother entered the prison camp in 1942 weighing 130
pounds but had dropped to 75 pounds when she was liberated in February 1945.
Many
of the women sought assignment in the Philippines prior to December 1941 when
the Pacific was relatively peaceful and where they enjoyed dances and other
luxuries.
But
that changed after the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor and then launched an
invasion of the Philippines. For months the nurses faced constant attack by
Japanese planes, deteriorating conditions and dwindling rations.
Mary Bernice Brown
“There
were 77 American women who became POWs and there were 77 who walked out in
1945. This is unprecedented, particularly for women who had no formal survival
training,” says Elizabeth M. Norman, who chronicled the nurses in the book, “We
Band of Angels: The Untold Story of American Nurses Trapped on Bataan.”
According
to Norman, under the informal leadership of World War I veteran nurse Capt.
Maude Davison, the women always kept to strict schedules waking every day and
dressing in uniforms they fashioned themselves.
The
discipline combined with a singular dedication to care for their patients, some
of whom had been among the 75,000 American and Filipino soldiers captured on
April 9, 1942 and forced on a 68-mile “death march” in 100-degree temperatures
without food or water.
The
nurses cared for the men, known as “The Battling Bastards of Bataan,” despite
suffering from starvation and other diseases themselves.
Fischer
tells Fox News her grandmother and the other nurses never thought of themselves
as heroic because they saw their patients as the real heroes.
Many
of the nurses kept diaries, which document the emotional trauma they endured as
they witnessed the torture by their Japanese captors.
In
one entry, Bernice’s grandmother writes about a soldier who was bound and tied
up outside in the heat for three days before being shot in the back.
“Whether
he died instantly or wounded and bleeding lived on until he finally died, we
will never know. But this cruel, heartless and brutal treatment filled us all
with deep grief and sorrow,” she wrote.
Adelaida Garcia
A
gritty refusal to give in and a commitment to care was life-sustaining for
nurses, says Lt. Col. Nancy Cantrell, an historian with the Army Nurse
Corps,
“They were a tough bunch,” Cantrell added. “They had a mission.
They were surviving for the boys … and each other. That does give you a bit of
added strength,” Cantrell told Soldiers Magazine.
Despite
the experience, some of the women carried on after the war without any
bitterness.
“I have never been bitter, and I have always known that if I
could survive that, I could survive anything,” Mildred Dalton Manning, who died
in March 2013 at the age of 98, told the Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Norman believes those Angels she interviewed for the book
recognized that there was little time to get their stories out.
“The women told me that not a day went by that they did not think about it, but didn’t speak about it,” Norman tells Fox News.
“Some of the women remained in the military,but even the military never asked these women. It was like they did not exist. By the time I spoke with them, they were in their 80s and realized that if they did not tell their story, no one would. They were not seeking recognition, but they wanted their experiences preserved,” adds Norman, who is a professor at New York University.
Another reason they spoke was to clear up myths, such as suggestions they had been raped.They also wanted to clear up facts that had been romanticized in such movies as "So Proudly We Hail" (1942), and "They Were Expendable" (1945).
“These women never sought recognition. They never took to the spotlight. It was the men they served with who actually sough to gain recognition of these women after the war,” says Fischer.
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